Ultranationalism stands as a core and exceptionally dangerous tenet of fascism. It involves an extreme form of national identification and fervent loyalty, often coupled with a belief in national superiority and the subjugation or exclusion of other nations and groups.
Fascist regimes cultivate an intense sense of “us” versus “them,” constructing a powerful national identity often based on mythologized histories, shared ancestry, and a perceived unique national destiny. This fosters a strong sense of belonging and collective purpose among the in-group.
This intense nationalism frequently manifests as a deep suspicion and hostility towards foreigners and minority groups perceived as “outsiders” or threats to national unity and purity. Xenophobia and racism are common features of fascist ideologies.
The appeal of ultranationalism in fascism lies in its ability to provide a seemingly clear and strong sense of identity and belonging, particularly during times of social and economic upheaval or perceived national decline. It offers a simplified worldview with readily identifiable enemies.
Fascist leaders often exploit existing national grievances and resentments, promising a glorious national revival through aggressive foreign policy, territorial expansion, and the forceful assertion of national will. This resonates with those feeling marginalized or disillusioned.
Ultranationalism in fascism typically demands absolute loyalty and obedience to the state and its leader, often suppressing individual rights and freedoms in the name of national unity and strength. Dissent is portrayed as treasonous and a threat to the collective.
This extreme form of nationalism frequently justifies aggressive militarism and expansionist ambitions. Other nations are often viewed as obstacles to national greatness or as legitimate targets for conquest and domination, leading to international conflict and immense suffering.
The dangerous appeal of ultranationalism in fascism lies in its capacity to unite a population behind destructive and exclusionary goals, often leading to the persecution of minorities, aggressive foreign policies, and ultimately, widespread violence and war. Its simplistic and emotionally charged rhetoric can override reason and empathy.